Environment Panama  PANAMÁ 03/12/2014

Superheated tropical ants at risk to climate change

The highest maximum temperature tolerated by any of the 88 ant species tested was 56 C. This Ectatomma ant may encounter exceptionally high temperatures on sun-exposed branches

The next time you’re traipsing through a tropical forest and feel tempted to complain about the heat, think of the ants. Since they’re so small they’re easily superheated on sunexposed surfaces from the ground to the canopy. The forest they experience can be 10-15 degrees Celsius warmer than ambient temperature, which puts them at risk of passing out from ant heat stroke.

Hormigas tropicales. FOTO: STRI.
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Nutrition Colombia  BOGOTÁ D.C. 02/12/2014

Mercury causes malformations to crabs of the Bay of Cispatá

Most organic pollutants have mutagenic effects that produce morphologic alternations during embryo development as well as having carcinogenic effects

A UNal research project identified malformations in 70% of the analyzed crustaceans of the Bay of Cispatá (Province of Sucre), caused by increased levels of mercury in the water of the Sinú River. The research project developed jointly with the Universidad de Córdoba, discovered that this issue has produced crustacean malformations due to the pollutants in the Bay, particularly from mercury used in gold mining of the region. The Bay of Cispatá is located south of the Gulf of Morrosquillo, in the Province of Córdoba.

Estos cangrejos pertenecen a las familias Goneplacidae y Xanthidea. - www.pifsc.noaa.gov Estos cangrejos pertenecen a las familias Goneplacidae y Xanthidea. - www.pifsc.noaa.gov
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Nutrition Brazil  BRASIL 27/11/2014

Scientists create viral vector to boost immunity to cancer

A modified virus neutralizes the protein responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of lymphocytes, facilitating attacks on tumor cells

Researchers from Campinas are working to develop a viral vector capable of modifying the functions of certain defense cells, thereby stimulating the immune system to more effectively fight cancer.

Imagen de un linfocito rodeado de glóbulos rojos: Wikipedia
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Nutrition Colombia  BOGOTÁ D.C. 26/11/2014

Titanium dioxide nanotubes, key for ultraviolet sensors

This research project is part of a project which included the Physics and Chemical Engineering Departments under guidance of Professors Anderson Dussán and Hugo Zea

The importance of using tubular titanium dioxide nanostructures lies in that they are cheap, non-toxic and easy to obtain. As demonstrated by tests performed at UNal. For her Sciences-Physics master’s thesis, Heiddy Paola Quiroz analyzed the usefulness of these sensors as UV ray filters for use in creams, eyeglasses and other solar protection products.

Así son los nanotubos trabajados desde la Maestría en Ciencias�Física. Así son los nanotubos trabajados desde la Maestría en Ciencias�Física.
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Nutrition Argentina  ARGENTINA 25/11/2014

Science to reconstruct urban memory

CONICET researchers develop a method that enables the preservation of monuments in Cuyo

The metropolitan area of the city of Mendoza has 1.200 historical buildings of great heritage value. One third of them are partially or wholly made up of adobe, rammed earth or quincha (a cane or bamboo weave covered with clay). A survey conducted by CONICET researchers detected that 96% of these buildings are affected by rising damp from the substructure. In order to preserve and improve their restoration, researchers developed a device and a method to measure capillary absorption in materials commonly used in traditional, historical and ecological buildings.

Molino Orfila, uno de los monumentos históricos afectados por humedad ascendente desde la subestructura. Foto: gentileza investigadores.
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Nutrition Brazil  BRASIL 24/11/2014

Balloons hunt for air particles to study cloud formation

Brazilian and U.S. researchers are investigating aerosols and regions with and without pollution in the Amazon to understand their influence on cloud formation

An international research project investigating the aerosols that result from hydrocarbon emissions and their influence on the formation of clouds and rain in the Amazon was presented by its coordinators at the symposium FAPESP-U.S. Collaborative Research on the Amazon, held October 28-29, 2014 in Washington, DC.

Glono. Photo: Marcelo Chamecki
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Nutrition Panama  PANAMÁ 21/11/2014

Scientists discover new Poison dart frog species in Donoso, Panama

In the species description published in 'Zootaxa', it was named Andinobates geminisae for Geminis Vargas

A bright orange poison dart frog with a unique call was discovered in Donoso, Panama, by researchers from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, both in Panama, and the Universidad de los Andes in Colombia. In the species description published in Zootaxa, it was named Andinobates geminisae for Geminis Vargas “the beloved wife of [coauthor] Marcos Ponce, for her unconditional support of his studies of Panamanian herpetology.”

Rana hallada en Panamá. Foto: STRI.
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Social Sciences Chile  CHILE 20/11/2014

Chilean astronomers discover new clues about massive star formation

This discovery refutes existing theories, indicating that ultraviolet radiation from the star would destroy molecular gas and dust, and bringing the first direct detection of ionized gas wind along with a supersonic jet and an accretion disk

Astronomers using the ALMA radio telescope detected that the supersonic jet and the accretion disk survives the ultraviolet radiation generated by the birth of a massive star. This discovery refutes existing theories, indicating that ultraviolet radiation from the star would destroy molecular gas and dust, and bringing the first direct detection of ionized gas wind along with a supersonic jet and an accretion disk. The research results were published in The Astrophysical Journal.

Imagen en el infrarrojo cercano de G345.4938+01.4677 obtenida por el proyecto VVV con el telescopio VISTA en el observatorio de Cerro Paranal. FOTO: OBSERVATORIO ALMA.
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Nutrition Colombia  VALLE DEL CAUCA 19/11/2014

Silver nanoparticles are extracted with arrowroot starch

Achira starch as reductor-stabilizer is effective for synthesizing silver nanoparticles

Arrowroot starch or achira as it is traditionally known in the south of Colombia, helps extract silver microparticles which when included in industrial products extend food useful life. One of the main challenges of agroindustrial engineers around the world is to preserve foods for longer periods of time without altering their flavor and odor (organoleptic qualities) and also preserving the healthfulness for the final consumer.

Extraen nanopartículas de plata con almidón de achira. Extraen nanopartículas de plata con almidón de achira. FOTO: UN.
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Nutrition Argentina  CHUBUT 18/11/2014

Microscopic aquatic world: techniques to eat without dying in the attempt

Researcher describes the crossings and dilemmas tiny organisms face when trying to feast

For Darwin, the species that survive are neither the strongest nor the fastest, but the most adaptable to changes. In line with this idea, in lakes and oceans there are various microscopic organisms that managed to restructure their dietary habits to survive and the zooplankton is not an exception.

Copépodo alimentándose de partículas en suspensión mediante la generación de micro-flujos de agua. Foto: gentileza investigador.
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Nutrition Brazil  BRASIL 17/11/2014

European researchers develop luminescent nanothermometer

Device may be used to map temperatures at the molecular level and help in the treatment of cancer

Conventional thermometers in use today to measure body temperature may soon be replaced by nanometric-scale (one billionth of a meter) devices capable of measuring temperature variations at a molecular level.

Device may be used to map temperatures at the molecular level and help in the treatment of cancer (images: release)
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Health Colombia  ANTIOQUIA 13/11/2014

Aspirin shows promise in preventing miscarriages

Researchers at the University of Antioquia are currently conducting a study to determine whether aspirin can help prevent pregnancy complications such as miscarriages

All parents want to have an uncomplicated pregnancy resulting in completely healthy babies, however some pregnancies may end in a miscarriage, which sometimes can occur repetitively (recurrent miscarriages). Also pregnancies may be affected by complications occurring at certain stages of pregnancy. These complications include unintentional expulsion of the fetus, stillbirth and preeclampsia.

Embarazo. FOTO: pixabay.com
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Nutrition Mexico  MÉXICO 12/11/2014

Latin America and the Caribbean lose their vertebrates

Researchers call attention to factors such as habitat destruction or climate change and the implications for one of the richest areas in biodiversity of the planet

Biodiversity recedes rapidly across the planet. The Living Planet Report 2014 of WWF indicates a decrease of 52% of vertebrate species between 1970 and 2010, that is, in four decades; the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish on Earth has remained less than a half. When analyzing the data by geographical areas, the worst trend is the Neotropic, an area that basically corresponds to Latin America and the Caribbean, where the decrease reaches 83%.

El mono aullador (Alouatta palliata mexicana), está en peligro de extinción en México. Foto: Eric Ameca y Juárez.
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Social Sciences Chile  ATACAMA 12/11/2014

ALMA Finds Best Evidence Yet for Galactic Merger in Distant Protocluster

An international team of astronomers observed these remarkable objects with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

Nestled among a triplet of young galaxies more than 12.5 billion light-years away is a cosmic powerhouse: a galaxy that is producing stars nearly 1,000 times faster than our own Milky Way. This energetic starburst galaxy, known as AzTEC-3, together with its gang of calmer galaxies may represent the best evidence yet that large galaxies grow from the merger of smaller ones in the early Universe, a process known as hierarchical merging.

Representación artística del protocúmulo observado con ALMA. La imagen muestra la galaxia central con brotes de formación estelar AzTEC-3 junto con su cohorte de pequeñas galaxias menos activas. Créditos: B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)
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Nutrition Argentina  BUENOS AIRES 11/11/2014

Scientists find how the brain processes negative events

CONICET researcher participated in a study focused on the understanding of the brain’s disappointment pathway

Together with scientists of the University of California in San Diego (UCSD), Joaquín Piriz, assistant researcher at the Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernado Houssay [Houssay Physiology and Biophysics Institute of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires, IFIBIO Houssay, UBA-CONICET] made an important discovery concerning the “disappointment pathway”. They proved how the lateral habenula activity is regulated and its role in depression.

Joaquín Piriz, Investigador adjunto del IFIBIO Bernardo Houssay (CONICET-UBA), junto a sus compañeros Alejo Mosqueira y Tomas Sachella. Foto: Gentileza Investigador.
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Education Spain  MADRID 10/11/2014

Only 6% of people work in the occupations they aspired to in childhood

A study analyzes the processes that influence the formation of occupational aspirations in preadolescent boys and girls

A Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) study analyzes the processes that influence the formation of occupational aspirations in preadolescent boys and girls, with special attention focused on factors that influence in the choice of typical occupations for each gender. According to the research, among other factors that influence in the choice are the studies of the child’s parents and the child’s own self esteem.

Niños en el MoviLab.
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Nutrition Panama  PANAMÁ 10/11/2014

Dunes reveal biodiversity secrets

Turner and colleagues examined plant communities and soil development across a sequence of dunes ranging in age from a few decades to more than 2 million years

Ancient, acidic and nutrient-depleted dunes in Western Australia are not an obvious place to answer a question that has vexed tropical biologists for decades. But the Jurien Bay dunes proved to be the perfect site to unravel why plant diversity varies from place to place. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute scientist Benjamin Turner and colleagues from the University of Western Australia published findings in the Sept. 26 edition of Science showing that environmental filtering—not a host of other theories—determines local plant diversity in one of Earth’s biodiversity hotspots.

Las antiguas dunas de Australia Occidental, ácidas y agotadas de nutrientes, no son el lugar obvio para responder a una interrogante que ha desconcertado a biólogos tropicales durante décadas. FOTO: STRI.
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Space Chile  CHILE 07/11/2014

Revolutionary image reveals planetary genesis

A new image from ALMA reveals extraordinarily fine detail that has never been seen before in the planet-forming disc around a young star

A new image from ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, reveals extraordinarily fine detail that has never been seen before in the planet-forming disc around a young star. ALMA’s new high-resolution capabilities were achieved by spacing the antennas up to 15 kilometers apart. This new result represents an enormous step forward in the understanding of how protoplanetary discs develop and how planets form.

En esta ilustración vemos una estrella joven rodeada por un disco protoplanetario en el cual se forman planetas. Crédito: ESO/L. Calçada
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Health Colombia  COLOMBIA 06/11/2014

Lack of cytokines increases risk of breast tumors

Patients diagnosed with cancer have a defect in cell breakage due to nonproduction of certain cytokines. Healthy people produce cytokines normally

Close monitoring to chemotherapy treatments in patients with breast cancer identified an immunosuppression process (a deficiency in the immune system) in people that are just beginning treatment. David Bernal’ UNal Biomedical Sciences doctoral research project hopes to measure the effect of said treatment on the immune system. The project is also directed to discover lack of cytokine production in cancer patients.

Investigación. FOTO: UN.
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Health Brazil  BRASIL 05/11/2014

Adverse condition transforms normal skins cells into melanoma

Researchers from the Federal University of São Paulo are investigating stress-induced epigenetic alterations and their role in the development of cancer. The findings were presented during FAPESP Week Munich

Experiments conducted at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) have indicated that when normal skin cells are subjected to chronic stress, they undergo changes in the pattern of gene expression and ultimately transform into melanoma cells.

Melanoma en biopsia de la piel: Wikipedia.
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